Applying for a Grant – Where and How

January 27th, 2012

Applying for a grant used to be a difficult and tedious process. The applications were long and often difficult to obtain. Even worse, loans used to be difficult to locate. Unless you were extremely familiar with government loan programs, in all likelihood, finding a grand and applying for a grant meeting your specific needs may have been nearly impossible to find.

Fortunately, that has changed in recent years. Grants.gov, a web site listing all available government grants, was created as part of the President’s Management Agenda (PMA) and related e-Government Strategy. Grants.gov is one of 24 PMA initiatives devoted to improving services offered by the government over the Internet. According to Grants.gov, the site was created as a partnership with the 26 Federal agencies that offer grant programs. It is organized by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, which is also the largest grant-making agency.

By visiting Grants.gov, it’s easy to see how simple it is to apply for a grant. Gone are the days of preparing extensive paperwork and printed documentation, as well as mailing the paperwork to the agency awarding the grant. Instead, applying for a grant is now done electronically through the site, offering individuals and businesses the opportunity to flawlessly submit a grant application online.

There are five steps involved at Grants.gov in applying for a grant.

1. Find an appropriate grant opportunity in which you’d like to apply.
Visit Grants.gov/search/searchHome.do for specific information on grants available to you. Be sure you meet all criteria, or your time spent will be wasted because your application will be voided in that instance. Jot down the grant’s CFDA Number or Funding Opportunity Number, which will be needed for Step 2, below.

2. Download the application package.
Once you’ve determined which grant or grants you’ll apply for, you’re ready to download your grant application package. Visit apply.grants.gov/forms_apps_idx.html for information. Your first step is to download PureEdge Viewer, which is a free software package required for filling out the application. The software is available to both Macintosh and PC users. Instructions are included as to how to install and use the software. After installing PureEdge Viewer, you’re ready to download your specific application package. Have the grant’s CFDA Number or Funding Opportunity Number for this step, which should have been obtained in Step 1, above.

3. Register with Central Contractor Registry (CCR).
Grant applicants need to be registered with CCR prior to submitting a grant application through Grants.gov. By registering with the CCR, the organization is required to designate an e-Business Point of Contact (EPOC) According to Grants.gov, the EPOC is the sole authority of the organization capable of designating or revoking an individual’s ability to submit a grant application on behalf of their organization through Grants.gov. The CCR also provides organizational information that Grants.gov uses to verify an applicant’s identity and to pre-fill repetitive information on grant application, which will ultimately save you time in applying for a grant.

4. Register with Credential Provider.
Grants.gov employs the use of e-Authentication to ensure the security of your information that is submitted electronically in an application. e-Authentication is done through the use of Credential Providers. It is the process of determining, with certainty, that the person applying for the grant is who they are claiming to be in the application. The Credential Provider for Grants.gov is an organization called Operational Research Consultants (ORC). When you, as a grant applicant, are applying for a grant, you’ll receive a username and password, which is then used to register with Grants.gov as an authorized organization representative, or in other words, as an individual designated as authorized to submit grant applications for your business or organization through Grants.gov. Once you’ve registered as an authorized organization representative, your EPOC is asked to validate the registration. Once your EPOC validates the request, the individual requesting authorized organization representative’s status for your organization will receive a notification via email confirming that you’re not able to submit grant applications electronically through Grants.gov, which is the fastest and easiest way to expedite your grant application.

5. Register with Grants.gov.
As mentioned, when applying for a grant, it is necessary to register with Grants.gov as an authorized organization representative in order to submit a grant application electronically. According to Grants.gov and their instructions file, the E-Business Point of Contact (EPOC) listed on an organization’s Central Contact Registry (CCR) registration will receive email notification stating that the grant applicant has registered to submit grants. The EPOC will then need to log onto the EBiz section of Grants.gov and assign the “Authorized Applicant” role to the grant applicant. Once the EPOC does this, the applicant will receive email notification stating that they have been designated as an AOR and will be able to submit applications through Grants.gov.

While there are many steps involved in applying for a grant, doing so online will move the process along much smoother and quicker than through traditional paperwork applications. The site offers user-friendly instructions and support tools, including a tutorial, a help section, a user guide, a quick reference section, and a frequent questions and answers section. Through this information, most questions and problems are addressed, and where something unusual occurs, personalized support is also available through the Grants.gov contact center.

Rebecca Game is the founder of Digital Women ®, an online community for women in business. A 30 year entrepreneur and dedicated to helping other women find business loans and business grants. Visit her site: grants.digital-women.com” target=”_blank Business Grants for Women or at her main site: digital-women.com” target=”_blank digital-women.com.

What is the Average US Credit Score?

January 27th, 2012

The credit score, also well known as a FICO score, is a statistical or numerical interpretation of the information portrayed through your credit file that basically provides a likely window to whether you would pay a loan back on time — the higher your credit score, the higher your credibility in the loan market.

The report is written and generated by the credit bureaus on the basis of the information which they acquire from creditors and the companies from where you obtained credit in the past and other details composing mainly of your past payments, your credit period and the nature of credit that you availed and amounts still due. From this report a credit score is calculated which ranges from a minimum of 300 to a perfect score of 850. The median or average credit score for borrowers in the United States is 723.

This credit score acts as a ready reckoner and a handy mechanism to assess how much risk is involved by providing loans to a potential borrower. The higher the score of a likely debtor, the lesser is the risk posed to the lenders and a higher score also determines the likelihood of obtaining the best available deals and return rates.

The consumers who can manage to maintain their credit scores more than 700 are the ones who are usually charged relatively lower rate of returns, while those having credit scores rising further above 760 are charged the lowest prevalent market rates.

Those consumers having their credit scores below 600 normally have to pay relatively high loan rates. If you find it difficult to manage funds and your credit score dip alarmingly low and the credit score is really bad, you might find it difficult to secure loans from anywhere at all. Most creditors find the credit score of 620 to act as a break-even point.

The scores fluctuate from time to time, because your repayment determines your credit scores. The later your payment is made after a date due; it will affect your credit standings and will lower your credit score. Establishing or re-establishing a good repayment track record of settling the credit bills on scheduled time will help in strengthening your score.

Delayed payments of bills have a very negative impact on your score For instance, someone with an average credit rating of 700 plus can increase their score by as much as 20-25 points by payment of all the bills on the correct time in a given month.

Elevated debts can affect your credit score. Stretching out all of your credit cards to the maximum limits might lower your average score by as much as 70-80 points.

It is advisable that one should not open credit card account that they do not require. Even a closed credit account would still appear on your credit report and may be considered while evaluating your credit score. Every new subscription tends to reduce the average credit account age, which would eventually cut your score down further by a margin of 10-15 points.

Although it is better to have a credit account than none at all because generally, having credit cards and timely repayments in the same will increase your score. Someone who does not possess credit cards, for instance, has a tendency to be at a higher risk than anyone who has responsibly managed their credit cards.

To learn more about credit reports, credit repair, and how you can receive a free copy of your own freeonlinecreditcheck.googlepages.com/free-online-credit-check credit score, come visit freeonlinecreditcheck.googlepages.com/ freeonlinecreditcheck.googlepages.com/, an excellent online credit resource with lots of valuable financial information.

freeonlinecreditcheck.googlepages.com/free-online-credit-check Free Online Credit Check

Copyright © 2007 – Zach Ford – All Rights Reserved

How To Turn Ordinary Personal Expenses Into Legitimate Business Expenses – And Make An Extra $500!

January 27th, 2012

Overtaxed and Underpaid?

How to legally turn ordinary personal expenses into legitimate
Business expenses and put an extra $500 – $600 a month in
your pocket!

Most people think they are paying too much in taxes, yet, very
few people do anything about it.

Then why do most people freeze in their tracks when offered
information on how to reduce their taxes? The three main reasons
are:

(1) Fear of the IRS,
(2) Fear of the time it will take to keep detailed records, and
(3) Not having a full understanding of what is legal.

I felt the exact same way until some introduced me to the following:

First, there’s no need to fear IRS. When you obey the law, there
is no reason to fear law enforcement.

Second, recordkeeping – It’s Not as Bad as You Think!
Spending a minute or so a day keeping records, could
qualify you for substantial tax deductions every year.
Up to $5,000 or more in tax reductions for many people.

Lastly, since the laws themselves allow so many 100%
legal deductions, who needs to take on the risky ones?
Not you, and definitely not me!

Well then…what are these legal deductions and how do
you claim them? That’s a very good question. You must
first understand what the tax system is and how it works.

The United States Has TWO Tax Systems. One for
Employees and a much better one for Businesses.

Employees, or W-2 wage earners, work for someone else.
Most taxpayers fall into this category. They have very few
tax deductions available to them, usually just:

• Mortgage interest & Real Estate taxes,
• Standard deductions for dependents,
• Gifts to church or charity and
• Contributions to a retirement plan.

Usually employees work hard to earn a decent wage.
Immediately lose a huge chunk of those hard earned wages
to taxes. Then they get to live on whatever is left after taxes
are withheld. Not bad.

Now on the other hand…Business Owners, get to write-off
lots and lots of expenses, from rent to phone bills to furniture
to cleaning crews.

Business Owners earn revenue from selling goods or services,
spend whatever they need to on operating expenses to keep
the business financially solid, then pay taxes only on whatever
is left over. Better.

There’s literally thousands of deductions available to Business
Owners. Way to numerous to list here. For full list of deductions
and how you can get your fair share visit itsyoursuccess.com/” target=”_blank itsyoursuccess.com .

Maynard Greene is a Freelance writer and Internet marketer.
Maynard can be reached at 281-416-0204 or mailto:mgreene@itsyoursuccess.com mgreene@itsyoursuccess.com.

Fractional Reserve Banking is a Fragile Pyramid Scheme

January 26th, 2012

When you deposit money into your checking account at a bank, you have the justified expectation that the money you deposited will be used to honor the drafts (checks) you write against that account. You may be surprised, however, to learn that the bank does not. The bank expects to pay your drafts with money borrowed from other accounts, counting on the probability that not every account holder will write big checks all at once.

In fact, the bank believes so strongly in that probability that at any given time it has 90% of the deposits entrusted to it out on loan. If only 10% of the depositors suddenly withdrew their money, the bank would be forced to borrow money or declare bankruptcy.

Since most banks have deposits flowing in as well as out on any business day, this fractional reserve system normally works very well for banks. If more money flows out than in on a given day, however, the reserves of the bank are depleted and they must take immediate steps to replenish them.

This is illustrated annually in the United States in December. Individual depositors have a tendency to withdraw more than they deposit in December due to Christmas gift-giving. To maintain their currency reserves, the banks have to sell a portion of the securities they hold, either on the open market, or to the Federal Reserve Bank. In January, as deposits exceed withdrawals, the banks are able to repurchase the securities to draw down their reserves.

The danger of a fractional reserve banking system is that it is entirely dependent on the confidence of depositors in the banking system. If depositors were to suddenly lose confidence in the solvency of their bank, they will rush to withdraw their deposits before the bank collapses. Since the bank only has enough reserves to cover 10% of funds deposited with them, rumors of bank insolvency can quickly become self-fulfilling prophecies.

To prevent a frenzy of deposit withdrawals, termed a bank run or run on the bank, banks have developed mechanisms to insure bank deposits and borrow money from other banks and the Federal Reserve. The mere presence of these curbs speaks to the fragility of fractional reserve banking, and when the curbs go in they fuel the erosion of confidence as much as they quell it.

To prevent widespread bank panic about their pyramid scheme, banks are ultimately forced to use government guns funded by taxpayers. The government can declare a “bank holiday” to allow banks time to replenish their reserves; in effect, this makes it a crime for you to access your deposits or for a bank to give you access. The other hammer the government can use is the printing press.

Since the loans which precipitated the bank panic are still in place, when the government turns on the printing presses and begins cranking out currency the money supply becomes greatly inflated. As the new currency hits the streets the overall prices of goods and services begin to rise, meaning any deposits left in the banks are worth less in real terms than they were. This, of course, leads to a new round of withdrawals.

To be fair, as the currency becomes debased, some of the new money is used to pay off loans, thereby decreasing the money supply as long as new loans are not issued. Preventing the issuance of new loans, however, exposes the true cause of the bank panic: fractional reserve banking. That cannot be permitted so the inflation and debasement of the currency continues, eventually leading to hyper-inflation.

Since the dawn of fractional reserve banking and government issuance of fiat currency, this scenario has been replayed over and over. Just since the 1980s, Angola, Argentina, Belarus, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Georgia, Israel, Madagascar, Nicaragua, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia, and Zaire have battled bouts of hyperinflation due to this fragile system. As of this writing, Zimbabwe is projected to have inflation anywhere from 11,000% to 1.5 million % in 2007.

It is important to note that no economy based on fiat currency has ever expected hyperinflation and all governments have denied the existence of hyperinflation until the currency completely collapsed. Note also that, despite the massive human suffering and disruption that result from the collapse of a fiat monetary system and fractional reserve banking, governments return to a fiat system and protect fractional reserve banking as a matter of course.

Fractional reserve banking, much as a fiat monetary system itself, is a fragile pyramid scheme favored not because of its stability, but because of its ability to rob political power and wealth from depositors and taxpayers. In no other field of human interaction is a fraud of this magnitude considered the normal course of business.

Investor, economist, and author, Brock Lorber writes about money, banking, and financial markets. He is the author of the following lenses focusing on these topics.

squidoo.com/sound_money/ squidoo.com/sound_money/
squidoo.com/money-banking-financial/ squidoo.com/money-banking-financial/
squidoo.com/inflation-economics/ squidoo.com/inflation-economics/

Can You Really Make Money Day Trading Futures?

January 26th, 2012

Can you really make money day trading futures? The answer, of course, is yes. The answer is only yes, if you know what to do and then you take action upon what you know.

Making money day trading futures is like making money trading in any financial market. It all starts with having a plan, and then executing the plan to the letter in order to make profits.

I believe what throws many people off when it comes to day trading futures is the fact that some are unfamiliar with futures contracts and their characteristics. This, of course, should not deter one from exploring the possibilities of profits in day trading futures. The fact of the matter is that you don’t need to know every possible thing about every possible futures contract in order to make profits in trading futures.

Many futures contracts happen to be excellent vehicles for day trading. Again, it is not imperative that you understand everything about every futures contract in order to profit in day trading futures. I’ll give you an example. What if everyone had to know the intricacies of the internal combustion engine before they drove a car? If that were actually the case then very few people would drive… yet there are millions of people driving cars every day. I only say this to illustrate the fact that you need to know a certain number of basic things in order to trade in any market successfully. A simplified list of those basic things would be as follows, when to get in, when to get out, and when to stand aside.

It is true that the above list may seem overly simplified. You will of course need some method to determine when to take the steps above in order to be successful. Your method will have to be one which is repeatable, therefore it will require some research on your part.

You’ll need a day trading strategy in order to day trade futures successfully. You have the choice of either developing your own day trading strategy or looking for a commercially available day trading strategy. In any case, you will want to do your homework and due diligence, because in order to make money day trading futures your day trading strategy must be a good one. And remember that your level of discipline in following your day trading strategy is at least as important as the day trading strategy itself.

Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned pro you’ll discover the best day-trading.tradingknowhow.com/ Day Trading tips, tricks, and techniques as well as valuable tools, resources, and information at tradingknowhow.com tradingknowhow.com

Personal Loans – Wide Availability – Choose Carefully

January 26th, 2012

Personal loans are for everyone who has any personal spending to do. Personal loans, thus, have that universal feature since each and everyone in the world has some personal expenditure to take care of, which can imply shopping out in uptown malls or taking a break from work and taking a trip to exotic locales. Personal loans can be used for other diverse purposes as well, ranging from home improvement, consolidating your debts, wedding, cosmetic surgery and other plans. You can also choose to buy assets with your unsecured personal loans.

In general, personal loans are available as:
Secured personal loans
Unsecured personal loans

Secured personal loans are those where the borrower is required to place collateral or security, that is, usually the home against the loan amount sanctioned.

Unsecured personal loans do not require the borrower to place his property asset as collateral to get a loan from a lender. This is good for the tenants, students and others, who either do not have a house or the will to go in for secured personal loans.

Apart from the obvious advantage of not placing your home at risk, unsecured personal loans bring you other benefits as well:

They give an access to quick cash since the loan approval process is quick, due to the time saved in the not having to do an assessment of property in the absence of collateral. This also means dispensing with a lot of paperwork. Since the repayment period is generally short, the loan cycle is also short. This is good in a way that you ride through the entire process sooner. Due to its short-term nature of approval and repayment, personal loans are an ideal option for small amounts that can be paid off soon.

The only niggle is that unsecured loans are somewhat on the steeper side of the interest rate of repayment. However, those with a decent credit score should not worry at all, as their credibility can assure them good credit at suitable rates. Another bit of advice would not be out of place here: the fact that there are so many lenders with so many loan schemes entails upon you the responsibility to compare loans and choose the best among them.

The author is a financial expert in leading lending institute, currently assisting Longdog Finance to compare loans for their clients, writes imperative articles on Unsecured Loans & Car Loans. Please visit for more information on related products: longdogfinance.co.uk longdogfinance.co.uk

How Taxes Apply To A Partnership Company

January 25th, 2012

A partnership agreement is made between two or more partners, who mutually agree to set-up a business or become a part of it after the business takes off. All the parties entering a partnership deed become the owners of the company, and hold the power of decision-making. The deed specifies the mode of profit sharing, disputes solving, admission of other partners into the company in future, and various other related issues. In a partnership business, the business and its owners are treated as the same entity by the law.

Partnership agreements are easy to establish, but need absolute adherence to tax rules from the owners’ side. Most people entering into partnership deeds are relatively new in business and lose the track of legalities that need to be fulfilled for a hassle-free operation of the firm. This article aims at educating such owners about some basic tax rules that must be adhered to avoid troubles for the firm and themselves in future. Whether the firm is a General Partnership firm, Limited Partnership firm, or a Joint Venture, adherence to tax rules is necessary.

These taxes are broadly classified into two category Payroll taxes and Employer Paid taxes. Payroll taxes are deducted by the employer from the employees’ salaries and Employer Paid taxes are directly paid by the employer.

There are two major Payroll Taxes: Payroll taxes and Social Security and Medicare taxes.

Payroll Taxes;
There are two types of payroll taxes – Withholding taxes and Security and Medicare taxes. To fulfill withholding tax obligations, employers must deduct taxes from their employees’ salaries and send the amount to the authorized government agencies.

Security and Medicare taxes are deducted by the employers’ from their employees’ salaries. In this case, the employers however have to pay an equivalent amount to the government.

Employer Paid Taxes;
These taxes are paid by the employer and are not deducted from the employees’ wages. Three major employer paid taxes are Federal Unemployment Tax (FUT), State Unemployment Tax (SUT), and Federal Income Tax (FIT). The first two taxes are applicable for most of the employers and are charged to them at different rates. Amount of Federal Income tax payable by the employers depends on the nature of their businesses and business structures (whether the company is established as partnership, proprietorship, corporation or it is limited).

Besides, there is a different category of taxes applicable for retail sales and particular services: Sales and Use tax. The businessmen add such taxes to the cost of products or services that they sell. The businessmen collect such taxes from the customers upon selling goods to them and then hand the amount collected to the authorized government agencies. Manufacturers and wholesalers are exempt from such taxes; only the distributors collect such taxes from the customers.

Alexander Gordon is a writer for smallbusinessconsulting.com/ www.smallbusinessconsulting.com – The smallbusinessconsulting.com Small Business Consulting Community. Sign-up for the smallbusinessconsulting.com/public/department30.cfm free success steps newsletter and get our booklet valued at $24.95 for free as a special bonus. The newsletter provides daily strategies on starting and significantly growing a business.

Business Owners all across the country are joining “The Community of Small Business Owners” to receive and provide strategies, insight, tips, support and more on starting, managing, growing, and selling their businesses. As a member, you will have access to true Millionaire Business Owners who will provide strategies and tips from their real-life experiences.

Go Where There is Money With Refinance Homeowner Loans

January 25th, 2012

The concept of refinancing a loan:

A loan refinance means applying for a second loan to replace the existing or first loan. In case of a refinance the loan amount remains the same but some of the other loan conditions change. Because of the changes in the other loan conditions the borrowers get some additional benefits. And these benefits prompt a borrower to go for a loan refinance.

Benefits of a refinance to a borrower:

The new loan may be having a lower rate of interest and because of this a lower interest cost to the borrower.

The repayment period could be longer resulting in lower monthly installments. Borrowers opt for this when they want to spend their money elsewhere and are ready to pay the installments for a longer period of time.

If the borrower is currently having a loan in an adjustable rate system he/she may want to switch over to a fixed rate system to reduce the risk of an upward increase in the interest rates.
liquidating home equity into cash (cash-out refinance),

Costs associated with refinance:

A homeowner loan refinance involves the following costs: homeowner application fees, homeowner loan origination fees, and appraisal fees. The borrowers should take into account these costs while deciding on a refinance. If the costs associated with these fees exceed the savings due to refinance it makes little sense for the borrower to go for the refinance.

The factor to be taken into account = (Savings on interest due to refinance) – (total refinance costs prepayment penalties). Only if this factor is positive the borrowers should go for refinancing the loan.

Care to be taken while using online calculators:

The online calculators available may not take into account all the costs associated with a particular way of refinancing. This in turn may lead to a wrong decision on the part of the borrower. So care should be taken while using the online calculators.

If you intend to go for a cash-out refinance:

Homeowners planning on a cash-out homeowner loan refinance to liquidate equity for large expenses should consult a financial advisor. The financial advisor may help them in planning and seeing the costs and benefits of doing so. The advisors can also guide them with the stipulations or requirements if there are any from the lender both before and after refinancing.

A last word…

The borrowers should be very cautious while planning on a refinance and should do the cost and benefit calculations thoroughly. Since for most of the borrowers their home would be their single biggest asset the time spent in analyzing the options is worth it.

Steve Clark can tell you how to look better, live better and breathe better by giving you tips to improve your finances.He writes on loans. His ideas can help you rejuvenate your money.To find Secured homeowner loans,bad credit homeowner loans,online homeowner loans visit easyhomeownerloans.co.uk easyhomeownerloans.co.uk

Choosing A Financial Planner

January 25th, 2012

Choosing a financial planner is a very important decision. Who will you trust to handle your life savings and plan your financial future? The fact that someone claims to be a financial planner does not qualify him or her to handle your money. They must have the proper certification, experience and knowledge.

The Four Cs of choosing a financial planner

1. Credentials

·What certifications, college /university degrees and experience does he/she have?

·How many clients or how much money does he/she handle?

·Make sure the planner is registered with the Investment Dealers Association in your area or Certified by a Government body

2.Compensation

·How are you compensated? Flat fees, salary or commission? (Beware of those who earn big commissions for placing you in high risk funds)

·Are there any hidden underwriting fees with my investment fund?

·Will you explain all the cost involved with each investment?

·What is the cost of liquidating or canceling my account with your firm? (Good to know, if you decide to switch funds or investment companies)

3.Characteristics

·What is your investment philosophy?

·Do you focus on domestic markets, foreign market or both? (Answer should be both)

·What is your specialty? Your strongest area? (Global portfolio management, no load mutual funds, stocks, bonds etc)

·How do you view risk and how does your philosophy fit my risk tolerance?

4.Customer service

·What services does your firm offer?

·How accessible will you (the agent) be?

·Will you review the funds last 5 to 10year performance in the prospectus?

·What has been your year-to-year investment performance?

·What was you worst year? Best year? And why? (Look for defensiveness or humility after raising this question, it reveals personality type)

·Do you offer financial planning, money management or both?

In conclusion, a financial planner works for you, and should be compatible with your personality, risk tolerance and financial goals. Make sure that your hard earn money is in good hands. Interview potential planners, ask for references and call at least 3 of those references.

Richmond Acheampong
Web Editor,Co-founder
Parent Tree
Online Family Resource
parenttree.com parenttree.com

Richmond Acheampong is one of the co-founders of Parent Tree online family resource. A web site devoted to providing resources for families thru relevant articles, the Parent talk advice panel, products and links.

Investing in Pooled Equity Funds – Index Trackers And Friendly Society Savings Schemes

January 25th, 2012

Index Trackers

There is a category of unit trusts called index trackers, which are set up to match as far as possible a specific index, such as the FTSE 100, the FTSE all share, the US, Europe or Japan indices.

Perfect linking cannot normally be achieved because no fund can invest in every share in the right proportions. Also indices take no account of the cost of buying and selling, which will depress the value of the tracker compared to the index.

Charges are lower than ordinary unit trusts because expert advisers are not needed. Initial charges are usually no more than 1%.

Some investment trusts offer index loan stocks, which are directly linked to the relevant index and so can achieve perfect linking. They usually have a set repayment date and pay dividends. As they are unsecured, there is a slight risk of a failure to repay, but they take preference over shares in the investment trust.

Index trackers are a relatively cheap and safe way of investing in the stock market.

Exchange traded funds

Recently introduced in the UK, these index trackers (also called extraMARK or iShares) are different from an investment trust in that they are open ended (like an OIEC) and different from a unit trust in that the price varies during the day with the movement of the underlying assets whereas unit trust prices are revised only once a day.
There is not a great deal of choice so far, but if they catch on there will be many more. In addition to the FTSE 100 and FTSE ex UK, there are iShares for specific categories, such as TNIT (technology, media and telecom).

Dealing is through a stockbroker. There is no stamp duty to pay and annual charges are low (below 0.5%) They tend to be slightly cheaper than most index trackers.

From experience to date, exchange traded funds seem to track better than traditional index funds, possibly because of the lower charges and reduced internal tax liabilities arising from the way they operate.

Friendly Society Savings Schemes

A friendly society is a mutual insurance and savings organisation operating for the benefit of its members. Usually it has arrangements for sickness and death benefits as well as other forms of insurance and investment.

Friendly societies are authorised to offer a tax free investment linked to their life assurance funds. The maximum investment is £25 a month or £270 a year and schemes run for a minimum of ten years.

There has to be a life assurance element, the cost of which has a slight adverse impact on returns.

Income in the scheme is subject to a favourable rate of tax and capital gains are tax free. After ten years no tax is payable on withdrawal. There are penalties for early withdrawal.

Watch out for proportionally high charges because the amounts invested are small.

These schemes are often promoted for children. They are a way of involving children’s savings in equities but most children are in a tax free position anyway, so other alternatives should be considered.

—-
If you need to borrow money, homeloansonline.org.uk homeloansonline.org.uk provides a quick and easy application form. Get all the options clearly explained to you and then choose. Ideal for people looking for a homeloansonline.org.uk/securedloans/ secured loan